Fig. 2

Scanning electron micrographs of the silkmoth’s silk hydrogel scaffolds. A, B: The hydrogel has a network structure with uneven pores (P) and wall-like structures with sharp fractures (double arrows). The silk scaffold exhibits a porous structure with inconsistent pore wall thickness ranging from 4.5 to 6.5 μm. C, D: Attached to the hydrogel wall structure are small fragments (circles) approximately 10.0–13.5 μm in length. The wall surface of the hydrogel exhibits a relatively rough texture characterized by closely packed clusters of SF fibers (pentagons). Scale bars indicate 100 μm (A, B) and 20 μm (C, D)