Fig. 1

A schematic diagram showing the ways in which contaminants in the NMs, NM agglomeration, interactions between the organism and NM coating, release of dissolved ions, or interference from the NM with the assay measurement (i.e., absorbance) can potentially cause inaccurate dosing or artefacts in nano-ecotoxicology assays. Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society (Petersen et al. 2014)