Fig. 3
From: Toxicity of nanoparticles_ challenges and opportunities
Schematics to explain the cellular mechanisms leading to the pro-fibrogenic effects of REOs. The internalization of REOs by macrophages and lysosomal biotransformation, and triggering of events culminating in pulmonary fibrosis. The inserted panel at the bottom shows that the molecular mechanism of lysosomal damage is phospholipid dephosphorylation and nucleation of REPO4 on the NP surface